How much emphasis does IBM put on executive education and development?
MM. We believe that the vast percentage of executive development occurs on-the-job rather than off it. A lot of the executive development activities are based around thinking about what jobs should people be moving to next in order to best develop them for future opportunities. A lot of it is how we staff positions – how we think of things from a succession planning point of view is all off-the-job activity that is very, very critical. A lot of self-assessment and manager assessment of executive strengths and development needs that play into that – both development needs in relationship to leadership, against which we have a set of competencies that we measure our employees; or development needs around technical or business acumen kind of skills. In terms of education, we have really geared most of the education for executives around thresholds within their career. We have programs for new and experienced executives, new members of our senior leadership team, which is the top 300 peopl
