How is transient ischemic attack (TIA) diagnosed?
TIA is diagnosed by history and physical examination. Since most often the symptoms have resolved, the physician will need to take a good history from the patient and family or friends who witnessed the event. The physical exam will include careful attention to the neurologic examination. This may include: • Assess mental status to make certain the patient is alert and oriented. • Check eye range of motion and facial movement to evaluate the cranial nerves (the short nerves that run from the brain to the face and neck). • Listen to the neck with a stethoscope to detect abnormal sounds that may signal narrowing of the blood vessel (carotid bruits). • Check for a regular heart rhythm to rule out the presence of atrial fibrillation. • Examine the arms and legs for tone, power, and sensation. • Check coordination and balance. If the diagnosis of TIA is made, further urgent testing is usually recommended, including: • Electrocardiogram (EKG) to confirm a regular heart rate • Computerized to
