How is Mach used to calculate trip time?
A Mach number is a fraction of the speed of sound. The speed of sound varies as a function of type of gas (dry air is different from humid air!) , pressure, and temperature, so there isn’t a straightforward conversion of Mach to distance/time. The Great Circle Mapper assumes the speed of sound is 574 knots (about 660.5 miles/hr or 1063 km/hr), which is a close approximation for the lower stratospheric altitudes from 36,000 feet to well above 65,000 feet, where transport jets usually fly, using a temperature of -70F. For more information, see • Speed of Sound (NASA) • Earth Atmosphere Model (NASA) • Speed of Sound & Standard Atmosphere (Aerospaceweb.
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