How have people applied the principle of utilitarianism to electoral methods?
Partly as a result of the problems with applying majoritarianism, and partly on its own merit, some people have tried to apply the common principle of “greatest good to greatest number” to elections. Average Ratings- One way this can be done is with a method called Average Ratings. Each person gives each candidate a score from 0 to 100. A B C 5 0 10 100 40 100 0 0 55 90 100 0 The average scores are: A 89.5 B 55.5 C 5.0 The conclusion is that A has the greatest average (and total) support and will provide the greatest utility. This is despite the fact that B is the first choice of a majority. It should be pointed out that in Average Ratings there is no benefit to limiting the spread between best and worst rating. That is, voters should rate their favourite candidate at 100 and least at 0. Since the actual utility to different people may not vary by a common amount, this cannot be thought of as measuring utility, but of normalized utility. I will refer to this as “satisfaction”. Approval
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