HOW EXTENSIVE IS BRIBE-TAKING IN KENYAN INSTITUTIONS?
According to Transparency International Kenya’s 2001 Kenya Urban Bribery Index, 67% of the respondents interaction with public institutions, about two out of three, involve bribes or costly negative consequences if one declines to bribe. The bribery incidence is highest in law enforcement and regulatory functions, where 78% of interactions with public officials require bribes, in other words, only two out of 10 interactions do not require paying bribes. Employment related matters follow, with a bribery incidence of 63%, followed by provision of services (59%) and business (55%). Those likely to be poor (i.e. low income or unemployed and low education) are significantly more vulnerable to corruption than the better off socio-economic groups. Respondents with primary education and below encounter bribery in 75% of their interactions with public organizations, as compared to 67% for those with secondary school education and 63% for those with tertiary education. The unemployed encounter b
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- HOW EXTENSIVE IS BRIBE-TAKING IN KENYAN INSTITUTIONS?
