How effective is minimal tillage at protecting below-ground archaeology?
It would all depend on what depth one cultivates. However, minimal tillage is normally carried out at 2-3″ (5-7cm) considerably less than mould-board ploughing typically 6-10″ (14-25cm) so damage to hidden archeological remains would be reduced. Similarly, by maintaining deeper soil structures intact adding trash, encouraging earthworms, soil structure will improve so long as there is no compaction.