How Does Time Factor Into the Equation?
Consider a trapped scientist with a 12-word combination. If the scientist enters 12 words every 30 seconds, then he will enter approximately 1 million combinations over the course of a year. If the scientist lives for 5 billion years, and his basket contains 20 blocks labeled with words, then the odds that the scientist will open the door are 6 times in 10 tries. So in this case, time will most likely solve the problem by allowing chance to overcome a step in knowledge. Each word contains 4.32 bits of information (see chapter 1). So the 12 word combination contains 52 bits of knowledge, 12 x 4.32 =52. Thus, given 5 billion years and 1 million tries a year chance can probably overcome a 52 bit step in knowledge. The door in figure 15.1 is shown open because the scientist eventually enters the correct combination. 15.1: A Barrier That Chance Can Overcome Now suppose that the door s combination is 21 words. This combination contains 21 x 4.32 = 91 bits of knowledge. The odds of opening th
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- How Does Time Factor Into the Equation?
