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How does the Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LiFePO4) battery cell charger work with a Battery Monitoring System (BMS) or Voltage Monitoring System (VMS) to balance the battery pack?

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How does the Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LiFePO4) battery cell charger work with a Battery Monitoring System (BMS) or Voltage Monitoring System (VMS) to balance the battery pack?

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Control of voltage and current flow to Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LiFePO4) cells during a charge cycle can be achieved through passive dissipation (using passive electronic components like resistors, capacitors and fly-back transformers) or through active dissipation (using active electronic components such as analog operational amplifier comparator circuits or digital microprocessor circuits). Rather than one large charger providing voltage and current to the entire pack as with lead-acid (PbA) battery cell chemistry, a LiFeBATT LiFePO4 battery pack is divided into sub-modules that each have their own charger and Voltage Monitoring System (VMS). Each sub-module is charged from a constant voltage and constant current source until the Voltage Monitoring System (VMS) senses that the upper threshold voltage of a cell is being reached. At that point, the VMS signals the charger to start dissipating the amount of current applied to each cell, eventually stopping the applied current completely

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