How does the heliocentric model of the solar system explain the retrograde motion of the planets?
This model is easily shown by having a group of people at different distances from a center walk around that center using the velocity calculated by Kepler. If done at dusk, using small lamps, you can actually see retrograde motion in the outer “planets.” (lamps or LEDs or whatever). Of course, this also shows why the inner planets never get into oposition or retrograde like the outer planets..