How does the establishment of the Monument affect the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve?
Executive Orders 13178 (December 4, 2000) and 13196 (January 18, 2001) established the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (Reserve) to be managed by NOAA, and identified the principal purpose of the Reserve as the conservation and protection of the NWHI in its natural character. In addition, the Executive Orders called for the initiation of a process to designate the Reserve as a national marine sanctuary that would supplement and complement the Reserve, as well as the long-term protections provided by the two National Wildlife Refuges and State lands and waters that the Reserve surrounds.
