How does power differ between front, mid, and rear engine cars?
The short answer is: it doesn’t. The real motivation for changing the engine placement isn’t to allow more power, but to change the weight distribution of the car. For instance, dragsters have the engine mounted as far back as possible because it puts more weight on the rear wheels, thereby increasing the traction of the rear tires. Cars designed for racing on road courses (Porsches, Ferraris) are more likely to have a mid-mounted engine because it makes for a more equal weight distribution front-to-rear, and provides more predictable handling. The majority of passenger cars have front-mounted engines, probably because they’re easier to work on than mid-mounts.