How does particulate matter affect health?
Both coarse and fine particles are of health concern because they can penetrate into the sensitive regions of the respiratory tract. Fine particles are of greatest concern because they are linked to the most serious effects. They can be deeply inhaled into the lungs where they can be absorbed into the bloodstream or remain embedded for long periods of time. They can cause persistent coughs, phlegm, wheezing, and physical discomfort. Several recently published community health studies indicate that significant respiratory and cardiovascular-related problems are associated with exposure to particle levels well below the existing particulate matter standards. These negative effects include premature death, hospital admissions from respiratory causes, and increased respiratory symptoms. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), short-term exposure to course particulate matter can lead to coughing, minor throat irritation and a reduction in lung function. Long-term exposure to
