How does fluoride reduce tooth decay?
Fluoride acts in two ways: topically and systemically. Topical fluorides strengthen teeth that have already erupted into the mouth. As the fluoride washes over the tooth surface, it is incorporated into the outer surface of the tooth, making it more resistant to decay. Additionally, topical fluoride is used to protect and desensitize root surfaces by providing additional mineralization to the naturally occurring “softer” root surface. Systemic fluorides are those that are ingested through food and water and are used by the body as teeth are formed. Systemic fluorides, if ingested regularly during tooth formation, will be deposited throughout the developing layer of enamel, creating a stronger, more decay resistant outer layer. Systemic fluorides also protect teeth topically, as the fluoride is present in saliva, which continually bathes the teeth, promoting remineralization or repair of tooth surfaces that have been damaged by acids early in the decay process. Additionally, fluoride be
