How does each amino acid pair with its appropriate codons?
There is no known chemical basis for a direct match up between an amino acid and three bases. Instead, this is achieved by special adapter RNAs called transfer RNAs to which amino acids become attached, each different adapter or transfer RNA carries a specific amino acid and it has a sequence on it of three nucleotides which are complementary to the codon. We refer to it as the anticodon. The anticodon forms base pairs with the triplet codon in the message. Base pairing between the codon and the messenger RNA and the anticodon in the transfer RNA positions each amino acid at its proper location and facilitates the joining of amino acids into a protein chain. The next slide shows how a transfer RNA bearing its amino acid is actually used during protein assembly. So here we see one amino acid attached to its transfer RNA and it’s held in opposition to the messenger RNA by base pairing between these complementary triplets. Here is the second amino acid, arriving at the ribosome, carrying
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