How Does Bacteremia Occur?
Bacteremia occurs as part of our daily living when bacteria that normally live on the skin, the lining of the mouth, or the lining of the intestinal tract enter the bloodstream through small cuts, abrasions, or breakdowns. Bacteria can enter the bloodstream as a result of minor trauma during typical daily activities such as brushing teeth or chewing. Thus, the mouth is a common source of bacteremia, and good oral hygiene appears to lower the risk of bacteremia and subsequent endocarditis. Certain invasive medical procedures are also known to cause bacteremia, particularly if they injure sites where bacteria are normally found. For people with heart conditions that are associated with endocarditis, it has been recommended that antibiotics be given before these procedures in an effort to limit bacteremia, to prevent bacteria from sticking to the heart, and to protect against endocarditis.3 As discussed below, however, this common practice is controversial. Medical Procedures for Which An
