How does angiogenesis work at a fundamental level?
Dr. Edelberg: It all starts with the cells that line blood vessels. These cells are called endothelial cells, and they play a central role in the control of the vasculature. They are in charge of making sure nutrients get out of the blood vessel. They regulate the tension in the blood by controlling whether vessels dilate or contract. And they play a key role in the response to insults and injuries. When there’s an injury, they help promote thrombosis, the process that leads to formation of a blood clot in an artery or vein. In response to a blood clot, local endothelial cells can begin to grow new blood vessels. Endothelial cells work in concert with cells, known as endothelial stem-like (progenitor) cells, that come from the bone marrow. Certain factors released and expressed on the surface of damaged endothelial cells act as “flags” to wave down passing stem cells and cause them to attach. Once attached the endothelial stem-like cells and the endothelial cells work together to stimu
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