How does a sanctuary get established?
Under the 1972 Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (also known as the National Marine Sanctuaries Act), the Secretary of the Department of Commerce is authorized to designate discrete areas of the marine environment as national marine sanctuaries to promote comprehensive management of their special conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, research, educational, or aesthetic resources. The U.S. Congress also designates national marine sanctuaries.