How do the steps of transcription and translation differ from DNA replication which occurs prior to mitosis?
DNA replication, transcription and translation are 3 very distinct biological processes which happen, not only in different times, but also in different locations in the cell. DNA is replicated prior to mitosis inside the nucleus. The process that leads to DNA replication starts in the G1 phase (with replication origin recognition, DNA licensing by the helicase complex MCMs and activation of such origins) and it’s fulfilled in S-phase (S for synthesis) in which the polymerase binds to the unwound origin of replication, which has been activated by the action of kinases, and the DNA is replicated according to Watson and Crick’s laws of complementarity. Transcription is a process that is not defined in time in the cell cycle. Most genes are transcribed during G1 or G2 and generally give products necessary for the cell to continue the process of division. However, it has been disputed whether transcription aslo occurs in other phases, such as S and M. During transcription, genes on the DNA
