How do the concentrations of contaminants in exposed SPMDs relate to those found in aquatic organisms from the same site?
Direct comparisons of bivalves to SPMDs have shown that for nonionic organic contaminants, SPMDs accumulate a broader range of chemicals from water than bivalves. Note that mollusks are often the organisms of choice for biomonitoring, because their capacity to metabolize most contaminants is very limited. SPMDs are passive in situ partitioning systems without the active depuration mechanisms of living organisms. SPMD concentration factors appear to mimic the worst-case scenario of the bioconcentration of organic chemicals with log Kows < 6.0. Even chemicals whose primary uptake route by organisms is via the diet-food chain (i.e., log Kow 6.0) are readily concentrated by SPMDs, because ultra-trace levels of their residues are always present in the water. However, the use of longer exposure periods or an increased number of SPMDs per sample may be necessary to detect some of these compounds. Comparisons of SPMD, bivalve and fish uptake rates have shown that SPMDs concentrate PCBs and PAH
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