How Do Thalamic Projections Cross Subdivisions Marked by Gene Expression Boundaries to Reach the Cortex?
In rodent, during the second and third week of gestation the forebrain is undergoing spectacular changes. During this period the embryonic forebrain will differentiate into distinct domains, termed prosomeres, each with specific morphological features and gene expression patterns (Puelles and Rubenstein, 1993). This is the period, in mice E13 16, when thalamocortical and corticofugal axons have to travel through numerous rapidly forming subdivisions and boundaries of the embryonic brain. These critical boundaries outlined by distinct molecular properties (Puelles et al., 2000), include the diencephalic telencephalic and the pallial subpallial (PSPB) or striatocortical boundaries. Both thalamocortical and corticofugal projections show puzzling behavior at these boundaries during their growth. The developing thalamocortical axons first proceed ventrally from the dorsal thalamus and then turn dorsolaterally at the diencephalic telencephalic junction, where they enter the internal capsule.
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