How Do Sociologists Collect Data?
Four major techniques of data collection are available to sociologists: experiments, surveys, observation, and archival research. In the experiment, researchers work with an experimental group and a control group to test the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable. Interviewing and questionnaires constitute the primary techniques used in surveys, using random or stratified random samples. Observation can take the form of participant observation or unobtrusive observation. Other techniques include archival research and feminist methodology. • Steps in the Scientific Method: A Close-up Look. The scientific method includes selecting a researchable problem, reviewing the literature, formulating a hypothesis, creating an operational definition, choosing a research design, collecting the data, analyzing the data, and stating conclusions. • Research Ethics It is important that sociologists observe the ethics of their discipline in carrying out research. They have an obligat
