How do scientists measure the heat of the sun ?
Basically it has to do with the fact that we know how far away the sun is, and based on the distance, we can look at the visual light coming from the sun. Based on the absorption lines (black lines that show up through the color spectrum), we can tell how hot a sun is burning. According to Nick Strobel: Measuring the strength of the hydrogen absorption lines is usually the first step for determining a star’s temperature. If the star is too hot or too cold, the hydrogen lines will be weak. To produce strong, dark hydrogen lines, the star’s temperature must be within a certain range. To produce a hydrogen absorption line in the visible (optical) band of the electromagnetic spectrum, the atom’s electron must be in the second energy level when it absorbs a photon. If the hydrogen atoms are heated to high temperatures, the atomic collisions can ionize the hydrogen atoms. If there are no electrons bound to the nuclei, there are no hydrogen absorption lines. If the star’s temperature is too l
