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How do relevant combustion parameters like O2, CO, CO2, temperature, and smoke (soot) relate to efficiency?

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How do relevant combustion parameters like O2, CO, CO2, temperature, and smoke (soot) relate to efficiency?

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If it were possible to have perfect combustion, CO2 would be maximised and O2 would be at, or close to, zero in the flue gas stream. Since perfect combustion is not practically possible due, in part, to incomplete mixing of the fuel and air, most combustion equipment is set up to have a small percentage of excess oxygen present. The lower the temperature for a given O2 or CO2 value the higher is the combustion efficiency. This is because less heat is carried up the stack by the combustion gases. As can be seen, the optimal combustion mixture is not displayed as a single point, but as a band of possibilities. The optimal combustion will depend on a number of factors and gives the possibility of adjusting for a reducing or oxidising gas, boht of which can be necessary in an industrial process. the maximum allowable CO value is also an important factor. This may not be exceeded at any time and may limit the adjustment of the burner for maximum efficiency. This should not be the case, but

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