How do organisms evolve by natural selection?
Those that adapt, survive. The origin of the theory of natural selection was the observation that there are constantly “experiments” being done in the course of reproduction, and if those “experiments” end up helping the organism adapt to its environment preferentially over its other competitors for survival, it will win. Essentially, thereafter, favorable heritable traits become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms. One of the most important examples of the proof of the theory was the story of the peppered moth in England: “Originally, the vast majority of peppered moths had light colouration, which effectively camouflaged them against the light-coloured trees and lichens which they rested upon. However, because of widespread pollution during the Industrial Revolution in England, many of the lichens died out, and the trees that peppered moths rested on became blackened by soot, causing most of the light-coloured moths, or typica, to die off fr
