How Do Modes of Extension Affect Normal-Fault Geometry, Displacement Variations and Population Dynamics?
Amber B. Granger, Martha O. Withjack, and Roy W. Schlische Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ Knowledge of normal-fault geometries, displacement variations and spatial distribution is crucial for understanding hydrocarbon trap development. We constructed three scaled experimental clay models that simulate different extensional modes: block translation with no internal deformation, block translation with internal deformation above a thin ductile layer, and block translation with internal deformation above a thick ductile layer. The normal faults in all three extensional modes strike subperpendicular to the displacement direction and are initially segmented, with maximum displacement at segment centers and minimum displacement at segment tips. The extensional mode profoundly affects fault shape, the number of faults with depth, the displacement distribution with depth, and the style of deformation. With block translation alone, all faults form at the block edge. The main fault zone is li
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