How Do Intelligent Design Proponents (Creationists) Explain The Data?
Regardless of how well the molecular clock may keep time, if the differences in cytochrome c are due to accumulation of random, neutral mutations, then the similarities that say, all vertebrates share relative to insects, plants and bacteria, can only be explained by common ancestry! That makes these data direct evidence for evolution and not just another criterion for classifying organisms. A specific prediction of the evolutionary hypothesis is that “evolutionary trees” of the same organisms constructed from different protein sequences should be the same. The prediction has been upheld by the work of Penny et al (1982) using sequence data for 5 proteins from 11 species. Similar evidence for common ancestry is provided by pseudogenes. These are copies of genes that have become nonfunctional as a result of mutations. Any subsequent mutations in such a gene are neutral as far as the organism is concerned and will neither be selected for or against. The finding of identical pseudogenes i
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