how do I know if mold is bleeding through a freshly painted wall?
There are many types of mold. I am going to assume that you mean black mold. If the surface is dry wall it should have either been replaced or bleached, left to dry thoroughly, and then sealed and repainted. If it was repainted or sealed before it was dry, the mold could have grown back. There is also the possibility that the wall is still receiving moisture from somewhere and the mold has started to grown again. The only way to be certain is to hire a professional to come in and take a look.