How do I calculate the normality of an acid or base from its Molarity?
There is a relationship between normality and molarity. Normality can only be calculated when we deal with reactions, because Normality is a function of equivalents. Normality refers to compounds that have multiple chemical functionalities, such as sulfuric acid, H2SO4. A 1M solution of H2SO4 will contain only one mole of H2SO4 in 1 liter of solution, but if the solution is titrated with a base, it will be shown to contain two moles of acid. This is because a single molecule of H2SO4 contains two acidic protons (H+ Ions). Thus, a 1M solution of H2SO4 will be 2N. The ‘Normality’ of a solution is the ‘Molarity’ multiplied by the number of equivalents per mole.
