How Do Humans Influence Horse Fly and Deer Fly Development?
Humans generally do not influence horse fly and deer fly development because habitats that support larval development are “natural,” including freshwater wetlands, saltwater marshes, and open areas within forests. However, there is one type of habitat associated with human activity that can be a source of horse flies. Larvae and pupae of a few species are able to complete development in low areas of pastures or cultivated fields that support standing water or at least consist of heavily saturated soils.
