How do electrons escape the nucleus during beta decay?
The available energy in beta decay is given by the mass difference between the two nuclei times c^2 This is shared by the electron and the (anti)neutrino that you seem to have forgotten. So it is perfectly possible that the electron share will not be enough for it to escape and that it will end on an atomic orbital. Note that the weak force has strictly nothing to do here as far as the available energy is concerned. It only permits the decay. However, the capture is very infrequent and in most beta decays the electron has enough energy to escape completely.
