How do current limit and thermal protection work together to protect the regulators?
If you “short” or “overload”` a linear regulator, it will go into constant-current mode (dropping the output voltage to maintain a constant load current). However, if the regulator is not heatsinked well, it will soon overheat. As the regulator exceeds its maximum junction temperature (“overheats”), the thermal limiting will then engage, and it will now start cutting back on the supplied load current. As the load current drops, the heat dissipated by the regulator drops, and it eventually reaches a point of equilibrium between heat generated and output current limiting. This all depends on the heatsinking and output current vs. temp curves. The regulator never completely “shuts off” (like a circuit breaker). It just starts “backing off” into a safe region, trying to protect itself (and the load). It will always be trying to source something into the load. When the load current is reduced below current limit AND the device cools below the thermal limit, the regulator will raise the outp
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