How do at-risk students do in TWI Programs?
There are not many published studies on this topic, but as increasing numbers of at-risk students are being included in TWI programs, the knowledge base should increase. Here is one such study: • Milian, M., & Pearson, V. (2005). Students with visual impairments in a dual-language program: A case study. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 99(11), 715-720. We recommend this book as an overview of the topic: • Genesee, F. H., Paradis, J., & Crago, M. B. (2004). Dual Language Development and Disorders. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Here is some relevant research from the field of foreign language teaching and immersion: • Ganschow, L., Sparks, R. L., Javorsky, J., & Patton, J. (1992). Factors relating to learning a foreign language among high- and low-risk high school students and students with learning disabilities. Applied Language Learning, 3(1-2), 37-63. • Genesee, F. H. (1992). Second/foreign language immersion and at-risk English-speaking children. Foreign Lang
