How did Universal Inflation occur if nothing can break the speed of light?
Universal inflation did not “occur” (in the sense of it being an instantaneous event). It is an ongoing process. As far back as we can go with the Big Bang theory (back to the Planck Time), the universe was already expanding. The rate of expansion does seem to vary with time. Even today, the universe is still expanding. In fact, observations show that it is expanding a bit faster than the calculations from the theory predicted. This difference is what prompted scientists to suppose that there was some kind of energy accelerating the expansion (because this kind of energy is unknown, we call it “dark”). The best way to understand expansion is to see it as space itself being augmented. The distant galaxies appear to recede not because they are actually moving, but rather because space is being added between them and us. The objects themselves are hardly moving relative to their own local space. For example, our Galaxy appears to be moving at a “feeble” 400 km/s, relative to the cosmologi
First of all it is the empty space between the particles in the nature is expanding faster than light not matter. the answer is that the General relativity allows inflation to be incorporated into Big Bang cosmology. universe does expand faster than the speed of light, and, perhaps more surprisingly, some of the galaxies we can see right now are currently moving away from us faster than the speed of light! As a consequence of their great speeds, these galaxies will likely not be visible to us forever; some of them are right now emitting their last bit of light that will ever be able to make it all the way across space and reach us (billions of years from now). After that, we will observe them to freeze and fade, never to be heard from again.
In general relativity, it is not forbidden that widely-separated regions have relative velocities greater than the speed of light. The speed of light limit only applies “locally”, were such motions could cause violations of causality. This is popularly explained as “an expansion of space itself”, but in classical General Relativity, space has no substance and therefore does not do anything itself; it is only spacetime events that have reality. In the context of the theory, it is the geometry of the manifold containing the spacetime events that has the property of expansion. Distant regions of the Universe expand faster than light, with or without “Inflation”.
