How did the outbreak of World War I impact the copper mining interests of Arizona?
This was the key turning factor. I think even before World War I, because of the corporate counter offense, a doubt about Populism and a certain doubt about Progressivism and a certain sympathy maybe for corporate America. But the war of course, either you’re for us or you’re against us, and the corporations are obviously producing minerals, and munitions and all kinds of things to help in the war effort. Not to say that everybody thought that this was a good thing to do, but an increasing number. That swing factor had its say so in national politics and it had a say so in Arizona politics. To be a patriot became very important. And anybody that was trying to hinder productivity of copper was not a patriot and if you were not a patriot, you’re a traitor. And so all of the corporate effort to malign unions became much more successful in this atmosphere of World War I. Did the fervent patriotism of that era provide an opportunity for the copper interests to finally deal with unionizing e
