How Did the Behavioral Study of Learning Develop?
1. Behavioral responses are conditioned: Pavlov established the principles of classical conditioning, a process that occurs when associations are made between stimuli and responses. This type of learning is reflex based and has many measurable aspects with regard to acquisition, discrimination, generalization, and extinction. Some emotional responses are learned through conditioning. 2. Phobias and addictions have learned components: Phobias are learned fear associations. Similarly, addiction involves a conditioned response, which results in withdrawal and tolerance. 3. Classical conditioning involves more than contiguity: Not all stimuli are equally potent in producing conditioning. Animals are biologically prepared to make connections between stimuli that are potentially dangerous. Animals are also predisposed to form predictions to enhance survival. How Is Operant Conditioning Different from Classical Conditioning? 4. Reinforcement increases behavior: Positive consequences of a beha
