How did northern states become democrat and the southern states become republican?
The industrialized north was a hot-bed for unionization. That’s where the Democrat influence came in. The southern states were segregated and the southern Democrats were vehemently against integration. It was the rural north that was Republican due to the Republicans being the anti-slavery party. If you remember, the first civil rights legislation was under a Republican president (Eisenhower) in the Brown V Kansas Board of Education. Since then, many of the more Liberal southerners have gone to the Republican Party. A lot of the northern Democrats have been duped by the influx of the neo-left which are the old Socialists and Communists from the ’50s.