How did Muslim civilizations create links among three continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa?
Muslim civilization has created links among the three continents of Asia, Europe and Africa. Under the rule of Umar, the Muslim army conquered Iraq, Iran, Egypy, and Syria. By controlling these areas, Muslims were able to slowly gain control over their newly conquered lands. They offered the Jews and Christains that were living there protection and did not force them to convert, but did urge them to join Islam through preaching and conversion and the Muslim religion slowly started to spread into the rest of the Middle East and into Africa from Arabia. After Umar died Uthman was named as the next caliph. Uthman continued to conquer lands that were previously ruled by the Persian Empire and extended his rule well into Northern Africa and East, conquering lands including Armenia and Azerbaijan. After the murder of Uthman, Ali became the next caliph. Ali was assasinated during civil war and did not conquer any new lands. During the Umayyad caliphate, Muslim rule was extended across Central
