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How did CATF determine that the urban risk is 3 times higher than the rural risk?

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How did CATF determine that the urban risk is 3 times higher than the rural risk?

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Based on the single CARB unit risk multiplied by the average diesel soot concentration in the U.S., the nationwide average lifetime cancer risk posed by diesel exhaust is 363 cancers per million. In the analysis counties are designated as ‘rural’ or ‘urban.’ In the rural counties we estimate a risk of 142 cancers per million based on the average concentration in rural counties. In the urban counties, the risk is 415 cancer per million. The ratio of urban to rural risk 415/142 = 2.92, rounding up to a relative factor of 3.

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