How can sanitation become ecologically sustainable?
GM: Sanitation becomes ecologically sustainable if it adopts the ‘closed-loop’ system by recycling of human excreta. This does not only save water but also reduces pollution, since our water resources are limited. LD: Sanitation systems should also meet the needs and interests of people and be designed in such a way that they complement existing social and cultural practices. People’s choice and sanitation needs should be respected. IPS: How effective are South Africa’s sanitation policies? LD: The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry has developed several policies and strategies in the water sector, such as The National Policy on Basic Household Sanitation in 2001 and the Strategic Framework for Water Services in 2003. The sanitation policy emphasises that sanitation involves more than just the provision of toilets; it also includes community participation in decision-making, safer living environments, greater knowledge of sanitation-related health practices and improved hygiene.
