How can an ancient Jewish settlement or other Jewish archaeological remains be identified?
The identity of ancient population groups remains a thorny issue in archaeology as in contrast to textual sources material residues do not carry name tags. However, there are certain markers that help to identify an ancient population group. In regard to a former place of Jewish settlement the most obvious characteristics consist of synagogues, Jewish cemeteries and mikva’oth (ritual baths). Historical sources and archives can in many instances identify the location of Jewish settlements and Jewish quarters within cities. These can be plotted on modern topographical maps to inidcate the likely location of Jewish remains. Other finds ranging from everyday objects such as ceramics and floor tiles to ritual items to luxury items such as jewellery and gold coins can carry “Jewish” markers such as the Star of David, Hebrew inscriptions, or biblical symbols. Yet the most important finds of Jewish life in the Middle Ages will only be recognized with further excavation. Distinctive pottery for
