How are trajectory models important to the study of volcanic clouds?
Immediately after ejection from the volcano, explosive volcanic ash and gas emissions are at the mercy of the atmosphere. However, they are extremely hard to study both near and distant from the volcano. In the proximity of the volcano, high winds, turbulence, lightning, and air-borne pyroclastics prevent direct sampling and detailed measurements from aircraft. Drifting ash and gas clouds that have separted from the volcano are difficult to study due to the often extreme altitudes at which they are emplaced, their hazards aircraft, and their difficulty to identify once they begin to disperse.
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