How are semiconductors made?
Strictly speaking this tutorial presented by Harris Semiconductor applies more to integrated circuits but the principle remains much the same. The process of manufacturing semiconductors, or integrated circuits (commonly called ICs, or chips) typically consists of more than a hundred steps, during which hundreds of copies of an integrated circuit are formed on a single wafer. Generally, the process involves the creation of eight to 20 patterned layers on and into the substrate, ultimately forming the complete integrated circuit. This layering process creates electrically active regions in and on the semiconductor wafer surface. See – http://rel.semi.harris.com/docs/lexicon/manufacture.html BOOK – The Transistor Handbook by Cletus J.
