How are final grades reported?
Generally speaking, European universities have no registrars (in the American sense) and issue no transcripts for regular courses (though some are considering adoption of the American system). However, courses taken at Paris IV are reported in AYA transcripts that contain the seal/signature of the Université de Paris-Sorbonne and have the back-up of relevés de notes. Carlos III provides a certificado (transcript) for courses taken at the Curso de Estudios Hispánicos. The Università degli Studi di Siena provides libretti di studio. The AYA transcript indicates course title, professor’s name, original grade, and suggested American grade equivalent. At the request of the student or the home institution, a translation of the transcript can be provided. Based as they are upon legal agreements with the European universities, AYA transcripts have been accepted as valid for forty-five years by very nearly all American and Canadian schools. Exceptionally, however, an American college or univers
