Have there been any studies done using LEDs vs other light sources?
There have been some real-world studies done on the effectiveness of LED light versus other light sources in low-visibility conditions. The FAA has some ongoing and as-yet unpublished research being conducted on this. One of the primary reasons why many airfields are converting much of their signal and runway directional lighting to LED is because of its visibility in foggy and rainy conditions as reported by pilot observation surveys.