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Have any courts ruled that mandatory urine testing of government employees is a violation of the Constitution?

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Have any courts ruled that mandatory urine testing of government employees is a violation of the Constitution?

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Yes. Many state and federal courts have ruled that testing programs in public workplaces are unconstitutional if they are not based on some kind of individualized suspicion. Throughout the country, courts have struck down programs that randomly tested police officers, fire-fighters, teachers, civilian army employees, prison guards and employees of many federal agencies. The ACLU and public employee unions have represented most of these victorious workers. In Washington, D.C., for example, one federal judge had this to say about a random drug testing program that would affect thousands of government employees: “This case presents for judicial consideration a wholesale deprivation of the most fundamental privacy rights of thousands upon thousands of loyal, law-abiding citizens….” In 1989, for the first time, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of testing government employees not actually suspected of drug use. In two cases involving U. S. Customs guards and railroad

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