Don’t Nordic countries have significant sustainability programs in place?
Some do. In any case, the mix of structures, policies and dynamics that will lead to the long-term sustainability of urban systems remains an open question. Demonstration projects (some with laudable outcomes) have been constructed throughout northern Europe, but these are often exemptions from their context and the day-to-day practices of development. It remains to be seen how the governments of Nordic states will spur large-scale sustainable urban development programs, especially given their challenging northern climate.
