Does the color of a laser affect the velocity of the light wave projected by the laser?
In a vacuum, the answer is “no”. The speed of light is the same for all wavelengths (laser colors). In other materials, the speed of light does become a function of wavelength which is why we have dispersion and prisms can separate white light into a spectrum. The change would depend on the material and is defined by the material’s index of refraction and how that index varies with wavelength. The index of refraction of air is essentially identical to that of a vacuum for visible wavelengths, so for all practical purposes the answer in air is also “no”.
