Does that also mean that Sarah explicitly represented the R-sameness?
• No • This task only enables the researcher to determine whether the animal explicitly represents the O-relations. • To determine whether the animal explicitly represents the R-sameness, we need a double paired match to sample task. • No non-human animal, not even an intelligent language trained chimp has ever succeeded at learning even the original version of this task • Humans, however, can learn the original task and the transfer task • This shows that humans have made an evolutionary leap. • Humans can recursively represent a presumably infinitely higher level of relatedness. • By that we mean that once they realize that relations can be relations between relations (not just objects), and they explicitly mentally represent a second order representation, then they can also explicitly represent the idea of any higher order relations (3rd, 4th, etc.) • This, in effect, allows humans to break completely free from concrete thinking and, when necessary or even desired, to think complete
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