Does smoking cause Malignant Neoplasm of the Prostate?
After careful consideration of this question and the available data, the consensus conference concluded: 1. There is inadequate evidence that smoking is causally related to the occurrence of prostate cancer. • There is limited evidence that smoking is associated with increased mortality attributed to prostate cancer. • There is inadequate evidence that smoking is associated with prostate cancer incidence. 2. A plausible inference from these statements is that smoking may be associated with poorer survival. Additional studies that may help interpret the possible association include those that: • quantify misclassification of prostate cancer on death certificates according to smoking status • quantify misclassification of smoking status in cohort studies • identify additional existing cohorts that may provide data • conduct meta-analysis of cohort data and exclude early data from US Veterans • study case survival for prostate cancer cases by smoking status (by staging at diagnosis) • mor
