Does atonement imply divine judgement?
Absolutely. Some have taught that atonement simply means that Christ ‘entered into the state of evil’ or ‘identified with man’s evil condition’. Saying this would overlook the fact that the ‘chastisement’ for our peace lay upon Him (Is. 53:5), that the ‘sword of God’ was directed against His fellow (Zech 13:7). Christ bore our sins – that is the penalty for our sins.